Pointer Veterinary Clinic

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Home Diseases
Diseases

Food Allergy

What is food allergy?
Food allergy is one of the five most common allergies or hypersensitivities known to affect dogs. Most people know someone who is allergic to certain foods, such as strawberries or nuts. It is only recently that food allergies have become recognized in dogs. The signs are usually itchy skin or an upset stomach. Other more subtle changes can also occur including hyperactivity, weight loss, lack of energy and even aggression.

What are the signs of food allergy? My dog just seems to itch and occasionally has diarrhea.

Many dogs will occasionally react to something they ate. This may be sensitivity to a particular type of food. The symptoms are often not a true allergy, just mild gastrointestinal upset. Once you associate the upset with a particular food and avoid it, the problem is usually solved.

Food allergy is different. Antibodies are produced against some part of the food, usually a protein. In a pet with food allergy, the immune system overreacts and produces antibodies to substances that it should normally tolerate. This excessive response is termed an allergic reaction. Most pets with food allergies have itching rather than vomiting or diarrhea.

 

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Diabetes

What is diabetes mellitus?

There are two forms of diabetes in dogs: diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus is a very rare disorder that results in failure to regulate body water content. Your dog has been diagnosed with the more common type of diabetes, diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is frequently diagnosed in dogs five years of age or older. This is also known as Type II or adult-onset diabetes. There is a congenital form that occurs in puppies called Type I or juvenile diabetes, but this is rare in dogs.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the pancreas. This is a small but vital organ that is located near the stomach. It has two significant populations of cells. One group of cells produces the enzymes necessary for proper digestion. The other group, called beta-cells, produces the hormone insulin. Simply put, diabetes mellitus is a failure of the pancreas to regulate blood sugar.

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Bladder Stones

What are bladder stones?

Bladder stones (uroliths or cystic calculi) are rock-like collections of minerals that form in the urinary bladder. They may occur as a large, single stone or as collections of stones the size of large grains of sand or gravel.

Are these the same as gall stones or kidney stones?

No. Gallstones are in the gall bladder located near the liver, and kidney stones are in the kidney. Although the kidneys and urinary bladder are both part of the urinary system, kidney stones are usually unrelated to bladder stones.

What problems do bladder stones cause?

The two most common signs of bladder stones are hematuria (blood in the urine) and dysuria (straining to urinate). Hematuria occurs because the stones irritate the bladder wall causing bleeding. Dysuria occurs when stones obstruct the flow of urine out of the bladder. Large stones may cause a partial obstruction at the point where the urine leaves the bladder and enters the urethra; small stones may flow with the urine into the urethra and cause an obstruction there.

When an obstruction occurs, the bladder cannot be emptied and this is very painful. Your dog may cry in pain, especially if pressure is applied to the abdominal wall.

Hematuria and dysuria are the most common signs seen in dogs with bladder stones but with obstruction there is also pain. We know this because when bladder stones are removed surgically, many owners tell us how much better and more active their dog feels.

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